NOTE: The "13.5#" refers to a plate which is just thick enough to weigh 13.5 pounds per square foot of area. A piece of this plate ten feet square weighs 1350 pounds.

The figures"13,", "14", "15", in the upper left corner view are frame numbers.

A

Abaft--Aft of; farther aft than.

Access Holes--Holes cut in the structure of a ship to permit entering or leaving various compartments.

Accommodation Ladder--A portable ladder or stairway hung over the side of a ship to accommodate people who are boarding from, or disembarking to, small boats or a pier.

Aft--Toward, at, or near the stern.

After--Nearer stern.

Aftermost--Nearest the stern.

After Body--A hull form aft of the midship section.

After Peak--The compartment in the narrow part of the stern, aft of the last watertight bulkhead.

After-Peak Bulkhead--The water tight bulkhead farthest aft.

After Perpendicular--A vertical straight line at, or near, the edge of the rudderpost.

Air hammer--A hammer driven by compressed air for riveting; sometimes called an air gun or "gun".

Air Port--A circular opening or window through the side of the ship, or deck house, to admit light and air.

Amidships---At or near the middle of the ship between stem and stern.

Anchor--A heavy, hook-shaped device for holding a ship at rest in water. The anchor grips the ocean bottom and is fastened to the ship by a chain.

Angle Collar--A ring made of angle bar.

Anneal--To soften metal by heating and allowing it to cool slowly.

Aperture--The recess in which the propeller is located.

Apron Plate--A small plate at the prow of the ship to stiffen the top of the bulwark.

Assemble--To fit together the small parts of a larger member or unit and make so it complete.

Athwartship--Across the ship at right angles to the centerline.

Auxiliaries--Machinery supplementary to main propulsive units. Awning Deck--A shade deck above another deck.

B

Ballast--Any weight or weights (usually sea water) used to keep the ship from becoming "top heavy" or to change her trim.

Ballast Tank--Watertight compartment to hold ballast.

Barnacles--Small marine growths that attach themselves in large numbers to the hull of a ship., often greatly retarding its speed.

Battens--Long strips of wood used in the mold loft for fairing lines; also, wooden protective strips in cargo holds; see hatch battens.

Beam Knee--(See Brackets.)

Below--Below a deck or decks (corresponding to "down stairs").

Bending Rolls--The rolls of a large machine used to give curvature to plates.

Bending Slab--A large floor made up of heavy, perforated, cast-iron slabs arranged in a manner which permits bending frames, angles, etc.

Berth--The place where a ship lies at anchor or at a wharf; a place to sleep; a bunk; also, a specified small section of the hull structure.

Between Decks--The space between any two decks.

Bevel--The angle between the flanges of a frame or other member (When greater than a right angle, open bevel; when less, closed. Also, to chamfer.

Bilge--The curved section between the bottom and the side of a ship; the recess into which all water drains.

Bilge Blocks--Supporting blocks used under the bilge for support during construction or dry-docking.

Bilge Keel--A fore-and-aft member fitted to the outside of the shell plating along the bilge to prevent excessive rolling of the ship.

Bilge Pump--A pump for removing bilge water.

Bilge Strake--The course of plates at the bilge.

Bilge Water--Water (due to leaks, sweat, etc.) that collects in the bottom of the hull.

Bilge Well--A sump to which bilge water drains.

Bitt--A vertical post to which mooring lines are made fast; a bollard.

Bitumastic--An elastic cement used as a paint to protect steel

Boat Deck--A deck on which life-boats are kept.

Body Plan--A drawing which shows' frame lines in elevation.

Boiler--A container in which water is heated to form steam.

Boiler Chocks--Stay braces which prevent fore-and-aft movement of boilers.

Boiler Foundation--A support for a boiler.

Bollard--A single tie post (See bitt).

Booby Hatch--A watertight covering over a deck opening which is used for a stairway or ladder.

Boom--A long, round, heavy spar, piveted at one end, usually used for handling cargo, etc.

Boom Rest--A support for a boom when it is not in use.

Boom Step--A socket for the end of the boom.

Bosom Piece--A short piece of angle riveted over a butt joint o two angles, a butt strap for angle bars; a splice piece.

Boss--The curved, swelling portion of the ship's hull around the propeller shaft.

Boss Frame--A hull frame which is shaped to clear the propeller shaft tube.,

Boss Plate--A shell plate covering the curved portion of the hull where the propeller shaft passes outboard.

Bow--The forward end of a ship.

Braze--To heat and join by means of hard solder (spelter). This solder may be brass, bronze, or other alloys.

Breakwater--A braced guard plate which prevents solid water from sweeping the decks.

Breast Hook--A triangular-shaped plate extending horizontally across the bow behind the stem, stiffening the stringers and stem.

Bridge, Navigating --The deck from which a ship is navigated.

Bridge Deck--The deck on the superstructure amidships, the top deck of the deckhouse.

Brow--A watershed over an air port; a small, inclined runway to allow passage of trucks over a hatch coaming, or through a bulkhead door, etc.; sometimes portable.

Building Slip--The place where a ship is built; a shipway.

Bulb Angle--An angle shape which is reinforced at one toe.

Bulb Plate--A narrow plate reinforced on one edge.

Bulb Tee--A tee bar with toe of web reinforced.

Bulkhead--A vertical partition corresponding to the wall of a room, extending either athwartships or fore and aft. A steel partition in a ship.

Bulkhead Sluice--A small opening in a watertight bulkhead which can be opened or closed from the deck above.

Bulwark--The side of a ship above the weather deck.

Bull Riveting--Driving rivets by squeezing them with a high-powered

Bunker--A compartment used for the stowage of coal or other fuel.

Buoyancy--Ability to float; lifting power when immersed.

Butt --The joint formed when two parts are placed edge to edge.

Buttock--A distance from center-line determined by the section of the moulded surface with a vertical longitudinal plane.

Butt Strap--A small plate used to connect the two parts of a butt joint by overlapping each; a splice piece.

C

Camber--The athwartship rise or crown of a deck.

Cant Frame--A frame which is not square to the keel line.

Capstan--A revolving drum with a Vertical axis, used for heaving in lines.

Cargo--The freight carried by a ship.

Cargo Battens--Strips of wood used to keep cargo away from the steel hull.

Cargo Boom--A heavy boom used in handling cargo.

Cargo Hatch--A large opening in a deck which permits the loading of cargo into holds.

Cargo Tort--An opening in a ship's side used in loading and unloading cargo.

Casing--Bulkheads enclosing a portion of a vessel, as the boiler room casing. Also a covering for parts of machinery.

Calk--To make a joint watertight.

Calker---One who calks.

Ceiling--Wood sheathing on the tank. top, sides of a ship, and bulkheads; used to protect cargo.

Center Line--The middle line of the ship, extending from stem to stern.

Chafing plate--A bent plate used to minimize chafing of ropes, as at hatches.

Chain Locker--A compartment in the forward portion of ship in which anchor chain is stowed.

Chain Pipe--A pipe for passage of anchor chain from deck to chain locker.

Chain Riveting--Two or more rows of rivets spaced so that the rivets in one row are opposite those in an adjacent row.

Chain Stopper--A device which prevents anchor chain from running out. It is moved into position after the anchor has been dropped.

Chamfer--To cut off the sharp edge of a corner. To bevel.

Chart Room--A small room adjacent to the pilothouse in which charts and navigating instruments are located.

Chock--A heavy fitting through which ropes or hawsers are led, saddle or seat of wood or metal.

Chock, Boat--A cradle or support for a lifeboat.

Chock Roller--A chock with a sheave to prevent chafing of ropes.

Cleat--A fitting having two arms or horns around which ropes are made fast. A clip on the frames of a ship used to hold cargo battens in place.

Clinching Pan--A flat plate for clinching nails (Used in the mold loft.)

Coaming--The vertical boundary of a hatch or skylight.

Cofferdam--A narrow vacant space between two bulkheads , a double watertight bulkhead.

Collision Bulkhead--The watertight bulkhead nearest the bow of a ship; forepeak bulkhead.

Companionway--A covered stairway leading downward from an open deck; a series of steps leading from the deck to a cabin or saloon below; also, the space occupied by these steps.

Compartment--A subdivision of a space or a room in a ship.

Corrugated--Having a series of wrinkles or grooves arranged so as to produce stiffness.

Corrugated Bulkheads--Bulkheads with corrugated plating which eliminates the need for many welded stiffeners.

Counter--The overhang of the stern of a ship.

Countersink--To taper a hole for a flush rivet or bolt.

Cowl--The hood-shaped top of a ventilator pipe.

Cradle--A form on which bows, Etc., are assembled; the support in which a ship rests during launching, a launching cradle.

D

Davit--A crane arm used in handling small boats, lifeboats, stores, gear, etc.

Dead Flat--A portion of a ship's side or bottom where the plating has no curvature; also the midship portion of constant cross section (the parallel middle body).

Dead Rise--The rise or upward slant of the bottom of a ship from the keel to the bilge.

Dead Weight--The total weight of cargo, fuel, water, stores, passengers and crew (and their

Deck--The part of a ship corresponding to the floor of a building.

Deckhouse--A shelter built on deck.

Declivity--The inclination of shipways to provide for launching.

Deep Tank--A deep compartment usually extending from tank top to lower deck.

Derrick--A device for hoisting heavy weights, cargo, etc.

Die--A tool for forming a rivet head (applied to rivet dies) .

Displacement--The total weight of the ship when afloat, including everything onboard (equals weight of water displaced). This total weight is usually expressed in long tons.

Dog- -A small, bent metal fitting used in closing doors, hatch covers, manhole covers, etc-; a bent bar of round iron used in holding shapes on bending slab; any small, flat lug temporarily welded to structure as backing for a wedge.

Dolly Bar--A heavy bar to hold against a rivet to give backing when riveting.

Double Bottom--Compartments at the bottom of a ship between the inner and outer bottoms, used for ballast tanks, water, fuel oil, etc.

Doubling Plate--A plate fitted out side or inside of another to give extra strength or stiffness.

Drag --The amount the stern end of the keel is below the bow end when the ship is afloat, but not on an even keel.

Draft--The vertical distance from the lowest point of the ship in the water to water level.

Drop Strake--A strake discontinued near the bow or stern.

E

Erecting--The process of hoisting into place and bolting the various parts of a ship's hull.

Even Keel--A ship is said to be on an even keel when the keel is level, that is parallel to the surface of the water.

Expansion trunk--The raised portion of tank used on some oil tankers to allow for the expansion of oil when temperature rises.

Eye- -The large hole in the stern frame which is bored out to take the stern tube liner.

Eye Bolt--A bolt the head of which is in the form of a ring or eye.

F

Fabricate--To make raw material ready for assembly or erection.

Face Plate--A narrow, stiffening plate welded along the edge of any web frame or stiffener.

Fairing or Fairing Up--Correctly lining up the structural members of a ship assembling the parts of a ship so that they will be fair, that is, without kinks, bumps, or waves; bringing rivet holes into alignment.

Fair-lead--A fitting through which or over which a rope, line, etc., may be led so as to change its direction without excessive friction.

Fair water--Plate or casting used to preserve streamline flow past hull structure or propeller hub.

Fathometer--A device to measure the depth of water by timing the travel of a sound wave from the ship to the ocean bottom and return.

Faying Surface--The contact surface between two adjoining parts.

Fender--A portable device made of wood or rope to protect a ship when bumping a pier; permanently installed dock extension which protects the hull of a ship in docking.

Fidley--Casing top over the boiler room.

Fidley Hatch--A hatch over the boiler room.

Flagstaff--Flagpole at the stern of the ship; ensign staff.

Flange--A part of a plate or shape at, or nearly at, right angles to the main part; to bend over to form an angle.

Flare--The sudden widening of the shell at the top near the bow.

Flat--A small partial deck (built level) without curvature.

Floor--The lower portion of a transverse frame, usually a vertical plate extending from center line to bilge, and from inner to outer arid bottom.

Fore and Aft--In line with the length of the ship, longitudinally.

Fore-and-Aft Gangway--A walkway between deckhouses at or near the center line of the ship.

Fore Body--A hull form forward of the midship section.

Forecastle--The forward, upper portion of the hull. It is sometimes used as the crew's quarters.

Forefoot--The part of the keel which curves and rises to meet the stem.

Forepeak Bulkhead--Collision bulkhead; bulkhead nearest bow.

Forging--Steel worked to special shape by hammering while red hot.

Forward--Near, at, or toward, the bow of the ship.

Forward Perpendicular--A vertical line through the intersection of the stem with the load water line.

Foundations--Supports for boilers, engines, and auxiliary machinery.

Foundations, Auxiliary--Supports for small machinery, such as winches, condensers, heaters, etc.

Frames--Ribs forming the skeleton of a ship.

Frames Continuous--Frames combining side frames and floors.

Frame, Side--Inside frames a ship connection to the shell plating.

Frame Spacing--The fore-and-aft distance between adjacent. frames.

Frame, Web--A heavy side or continuous frame, made with web plate for extra stiffness.

Freeboard--The vertical distance from the upper watertight deck to water line, when the ship is fully loaded.

Freeboard Mark-- (See Plimsoll mark).

Freeing Port--A hole through the bulwark to provide ready drainage of water from the deck.

Funnel--A smokestack of a vessel.

Furnace--A heater or large forge for heating plates or shapes for bending; to bend by heating in furnace.

G

Galley--A cooking room or kitchen.

Galley Dresser--A cook's work table.

Galvanizing--Coating metal parts with zinc for protection from rust.

Gangway--A passageway, a ladder, or other means of boarding a ship.

Garboard Strake--The course of plates next to the keel of a ship.

Gasket--Packing of canvas composition, or other material, used in making a tight joint.

Girder--Fore-and-aft stiffening member for deck or bottom shell.

Girth--The transverse distance around the midship section.

Grab Rods--Bent rods welded to bulkheads or the ship's side to form a ladder.

Grating--Light platform or walking built up of metal bars, used for access to machinery.

Grommet--A soft ring used under a nut or bolthead to maintain watertightness.

Gross Tonnage--A figure obtained by dividing the total volume of the ship, in cubic feet, by 100 .

Ground. Ways--Timbers secured to the ground under the hull on each side of the keel. When the ship is launched, it slides down the ground ways into the water.

Gudgeons--The bosses on the stern post drillingon which the rudder swings.

Gunwale--The junction of the deck and the shell at the top of the sheer strake.

Gunwale Bar--Angle iron which connects stringer plate and shell plates. (Riveted work.)

Gyro Repeater--An apparatus to show the reading of the gyrocompass at a distance from the main gyroscope equipment.

H

Hatch--An opening in a deck for loading or unloading cargo, etc.

Hatch Battens--Flat bars which are wedged against hatch coamings to secure tarpaulins.

Hatch Beam--A portable beam used to support wooden hatch covers

Hawse Pipe--Casting, or castings, through the deck and the side of the ship at the bow for passage of anchor chain.

Hawser--A large rope used for towing and mooring.

Heeling--The inclination of a vessel to one side.

Hogging--Straining of the ship which tends to make the bow and stern lower than the middle portion.

Hold--The inside of a hull; cargo space.

Hold Beams--Structural members placed in a hold, similar to deck beams, but having no plating or planking on them.

Holder-On--One who "backs up" or "holds on" the head of a rivet while the point is being "driven", or upset.

Horn--To line or square up; also, part of a cleat.

Hull --The body of a ship, including shell plating, framing docks, and bulkheads.

I

I-Beam--A structural shape with a cross section resembling the letter

Inboard Profile--A drawing of the longitudinal section at center line of ship.

Inner Bottom--Plating forming the upper surface of the double bottom. Also called tank top.

Inner Shell--A plated surface or "shell" inside the outer shell plating, used as additional protection in case of collision or other accidents. The space between the inner and outer shells is often used as a storage space for liquid ballast or cargo.

Inserted Packing--Canvas strips soaked with red lead and placed between connections that cannot be calked successfully otherwise; stop waters.

Intercostal--Made in separate parts between frames, beams, etc. ; the opposite of continuous. (Floors are continuous; longitudinal girders are intercostal inmost cargo vessels.)

Isherwood System--A system of building ships in which the main framing is longitudinal (or fore-and-aft) , instead of transverse as in ordinary ships.

J

Jack Staff--A flagstaff at the bow of a ship.

Joggle--An abrupt bend or offset in a plate, bar, or frame to eliminate the use of liners.

K

Keel--The principal fore-and-aft-member of a ship's frame. The keel runs along the bottom, connects the stem and helps to support the frames of the ship which are attached to it .

Keel, Flat--The bottom-shell strake on the center line of the ship.

Keelson, Side--A fore-and-aft member similar to the vertical keel and placed on each side of it.

Keel, Vertical--Vertical plate used as reinforcement for the keel, often called center keelson.

King Post--A stub mast, outboard from the center line, used to carry cargo booms; kingposts often serve as ventilators.

Knot--A tie in a line; a nautical mile (about one and one seventh statute miles.)

Knuckle--A sharp bend in a plate or shape.

Knuckle Plate--A plate bent to form a knuckle.

L

Ladder--Inclined steps, used aboard ship instead of "stairs".

Lap--A joint in which one part overlaps the other, thus avoiding the use of a butt strap; also, the amount of overlap.

Launching--The operation of placing a hull in the water by allowing it to slide down on greased skids called launching ways.

Laying Out--Marking plates or shapes for shearing, punching, etc.

Lazarette--A space between decks used as a storeroom.

Length Between Perpendiculars--The length of a ship measured from the forward perpendicular to the after perpendicular.

Lift--To make a template from measurements taken from the job.

Lightening Hole--A hole cut in a member to reduce its weight.

Limber Hole--A small hole cut in a plate near the bottom to permit the passage of water.

Liner--A flat or tapered strip of steel placed under a plate or shape to bring the member in line with another which it overlaps. A filler.

Lines--The form of a ship as represented by its moulded surface.

List--To lean over to one side. Load Water Line--The Line of the surface of the water on a ship when it is loaded to the designed draft.

Loftsman--A mold-loft worker who lays down ship lines and makes templates.

Longitudinal--A shell, deck, or bulkhead Stiffener running fore and aft.

Lug pad--A projection on deck with a hole for fastening a block for a lead.

M

Magnetic Compass--A device which indicates the direction of magnetic north by means of a magnetized needle (or needles) which is attracted towards the Earth's magnetic pole. Magnetic north is not to be confused with true or geographical north.

Main Deck--Usually the deck immediately below the shelter or weather deck.

Manhole--A hole cut large enough for a man to go through into

Margin Plate--The outboard row of inner-bottom plating that joins the shell plating at the bilge.

Marker--A brass pipe dipped into paint for marking rivet holes. Marlinespike--A pointed, tapering tool which is used in separating strands of rope or cable in splicing.

Mast--A long, heavy spar, placed nearly vertical on the center line of a ship.

Mess Room--A dining room for officers or crew.

Midship--At or near the middle point of the length of a ship.

Midship section--A vertical cross section through the ship, midway between the forward and after perpendiculars.

Mold Loft--A shed or building with a large, smooth floor on which the lines of a ship can be drawn to full scale.

Mooring--Securing a ship in position by several lines or cables so that it cannot move or swing; anchoring.

Mooring Pipe--A casting which prevents chafing of mooring lines that pass through bulwark plating.

Mold (or Mould)--A light pattern of a part of a ship; usually made of thin wood or paper. It is also called a template.

N

Net Tonnage--A figure obtained by making a deduction from the gross tonnage for space not available for carrying cargo.

O

Oakum--Untwisted fibres of old rope treated with a composition

Offset--To move out of line or Position.

Offsets--A table of moulded dimensions for water lines, decks, etc.

Oiltight--Sealed by welding or calking to prevent oil leakage. (Closer rivet spacing is required than for water tight work.)

Old Man--A rig for holding a drilling machine.

On Board--On or in the ship.

On Deck--On the upper deck; in the open air.

Outboard--Away from the center line, toward the side of a ship.

Overboard--Outside; over the side of a ship; into the water.

Overhang--That portion of the bow or stern of a ship that projects over the water beyond the water line.

Oxter Plate--Bent shell plate which fits around the upper part of the sternpost; also called tuck plate.

P

Packing--Material which is placed between plates or shapes to make them watertight; wooden blocks and wedges which support a ship on the sliding ways; spacers.

Pad Eye--An eye located on deck for fastening cables; on the hull, and attachment for hanging a block and fall for lifting propeller or rudder.

Palm--Flattened top portion of rudderstock (for bolted connection); also, a flat surface at the end of a strut or stanchion.

Peak--A narrow compartment at either end of a vessel.

Pelorus--An instrument used for taking sights; similar to a compass, but without magnetic needles.

Pillar--A vertical member or column which provides support to a deck girder. (It is also termed a stanchion.)

Pilothouse--A wheelhouse; an enclosed place which shelters the main steering wheel, controls, engine-room telegraph, etc.

Pintle--A pin on which a rudder hinges.

Pitch--Spacing; as of rivets or gear teeth.

Planking--Wood covering for decks, etc.

Plating--The plates of a hull, a deck, a bulkhead, etc.

Plimsoll Mark--A mark placed on the side of the ship to indicate the maximum allowable draft.

Pontoon Hatch Cover--A steel, box-shaped member sometimes used in place of hatch beams to close in a cargo hatch.

Poop--The after, upper portion of the hull, often containing the steering gear.

Poop Deck,-The first deck above the shelter deck at the after end of a vessel.

Port--A harbor; an opening in the side of a ship; the left-hand side of a ship (as the observe looks toward the bow.)

Porthole--A circular opening in the side of the ship. (See port.)

Propeller--A rotating device which drives a ship through the water.

Propeller Post--The forward post of the stern frame, which is bored for the propeller shaft.

Propeller Shaft--Rotating bar by means of which the engine turns the propeller.

Q

Quarters--Living or sleeping rooms.

R

Rabbet--A depression or offset in an edge of material designed to receive some other adjoining part; as for example, the rabbet in the stem to take the shell plating.

Rail--The upper rounded edge of the bulwarks.

Rake--The aft slope of a mast, kingpost, or stack.

Reaming--Enlarging a rivet hole by means of a revolving, cylindrical, slightly tapered tool with cutting edges running along its sides.

Reverse Frame--An angle bar or other shape riveted to the inner edge of a transverse frame as reinforcement.

Ribband--A fore-and-aft wooden strip or heavy batten which is used temporarily to align the transverse frames after erection.

Rigging--Ropes, wire ropes, lashings, masts, booms, etc.; also, the handling and placing of heavy weights and machinery on board the ship.

Rivet--A short steel bolt used to fasten two or more members together by passing the shank through a hole in each piece and then hammering or pressing

Roll --To impart curvature to a plate; also, the motion of the ship from side to side, alternately raising and lowering each side of the deck.

Roller Chock-- (See Chock Roller.)

Rose Box--A screen or strainer placed around the end of a bilge suction pipe.

Rudder--A flat structure of wood or metal attached upright to the sternpost (or in single-screw vessels, to the rudder-post) of a vessel by hinges or pintles and gudgeons, so that it can be turned, as by a tiller, causing the head of the vessel to turn in the same direction because of the resistance offered to the water by the rudder.

Rudderpost--The after post of the stern frame. This vertical post supports the rudder and is also called the sternpost.

Rudder Stock--The shank of the rudder which extends through the shell to the steering engine.

Rudder Stop--A lug to limit the swing of the rudder.

S

Sagging--A straining of the ship which tends to make the middle portion lower than the bow and stern.

Samson Post--A heavy, vertical post which supports cargo booms; king post.

Scantlings--The dimensions of various shapes.

Scarf--To thin out or taper a corner or edge of a piece of material to make a lap joint. A joint in a stem, bar keel, or stern frame.

Scupper--A deck drain.

Scupper Pipe--A pipe which drains water from scuppers through the side of a ship.

Scuttle--A very small hatch; a manhole.

Scuttle Butt--A container for drinking water.

Sea Chest--A compartment through which sea water is admitted or discharged.

Seam--A riveted or welded, plate-edge connection. A riveted seam overlaps; a welded seam may or may not overlap.

Set--Metal mold or template for use on bending slab.

Set Iron--A bar of soft iron used on bending slab to give shape of frames.

Shaft Alley--A casing (large enough in which to walk) covering the propeller shaft and extending from engine room to after peak.

Shaft Tunnel--(See Shaft Alley.)

Shape--A bar of constant cross section, such as' a channel, T-bar, angle bar, etc.; also, to impart curvature to a plate or other member.

Shear Line--A line at which a shearing cut is to be made.

Shears--A large machine for cutting plates and shapes.

Sheer--Curvature of deck in a fore-and-aft direction as seen in profile (See Part I- Information Sheet 4.)

Sheer Plan--A side elevation of a ship's form; a profile.

Sheer Strake--The top full course of side shell plating.

Shell Landings--Point on the frames where the edges of shell plates are to be located.

Shell Plating--The plates forming the outer skin of the hull.

Shelter Deck--A continuous, superstructure deck above the freeboard deck. Shore--A temporary brace or prop.

Sight Edges--Visible edges of plating (outside shell and above decks.)

Skeg--The lower portion of a stern frame which projects forward, is level with the ship bottom, and is welded to the keel.

Skylight--An opening in a deck to give air and light to the compartment below it.

Sliding Way--That part of the launching way which moves with the ship when it is launched.

Slop Chute--Chute for dumping garbage overboard.

Sounding Pipe--A vertical pipe in an oil or water tank by means of which the depth of liquid in the tank can be measured.

Spar--A long, round member, such) as a mast or a boom; part of the rigging.

Stability--The tendency of a ship to remain upright.

Staging--Planks or scaffolding from which shipbuilders work on the sides or under the decks of a ship.

Stanchion--A piller or upright post for supporting decks, etc.

Stapling--Collars, forged from angle bars, which fit around

Starboard--The right-hand side of a ship, as the observer looks from aft forward.

Stay--A guy line.

Stealer--A right extending into an adjoining strake, as at the end of a drop strake.

Steering Gear--The apparatus for controlling the rudder and steering the ship.

Stem--The forging, casting, or plating forming the extreme bow of the ship and extending from the keel to the fore-castle deck.

Step--To set in place (as applied to a mast); also, a socket for the end of a mast; a support for the fixed or "hinged" end of a boom.

Stern--The after or rear end of the ship.

Stern Frame--A large casting or forging attached to the after end of the hull to form the ship's stern. It includes rudderpost, propeller post, and aperture for the propeller.

Stern Tube--A long bushing or bearing through the stern to support the end of the propeller shaft.

Stiffener--An angle bar, T-bar, channel, etc., used to stiffen the plating of a bulk-head or other member.

Stool;--A support for a propeller shaft bearing in the shaft alley. A foundation, etc.

Stop Water--Canvas and red lead, or other material, fitted between two metal parts to make a watertight joint.

Stowage--A support or fastening for any gear, as an anchor stowage or a boat stowage.

Stringer--A fore-and-aft member used to give longitudinal strength. Depending on location, these are called hold stringers, bilge stringers, side stringers, etc.

Stringer, Deck--The strake of deck plating which contacts the shell.

Stringer Plate--A deck plate at the outboard edge of the deck connected to the shell of a ship with an angle or a welded joint.

Strongback--A supporting girder for a hatch cover; a rig used in straightening bent plates; a bar for locking cargo ports.

Strut--A support for a propeller tail shaft (used on ships with more than one propeller)

Superstructure--Deck houses, etc., which are located above the shelter deck.

Swash Plate--A baffle plate in a tank which prevents excessive surging of a liquid.

T

Tail Shaft--A short section of the propeller shaft extending through the stern tube and carrying the propeller.

Tank Top--The plating over the double bottom.

Tarpaulin--A waterproof canvas used for covering for hatches.

Taut--Drawn tightly, i.e., "stretch a line taut."

Tee-Bar--A structural shape with cross section resembling the letter T.

Telegraph--A mechanically or electrically operated means of signalling from the bridge to the engine room, etc.

Thrust Bearing--A bearing or block to resist end thrust. A bearing on the propeller line shaft which relieves the engine from the driving force of the propeller.

Thwart--A seat in a lifeboat.

Tiller--An arm attached to the rudder head for operating the rudder.

Transom--The main frame at the rudderstock (cant frames usually radiate from the transom frame).

Transverse--Athwartships; across the ship; in a port and Starboard direction.

Transverse Frames--Athwartship members forming the "ribs" of the ship.

Trim--To shift ballast; to cause a ship to change its position in the water; drag.

Trunk--A small casing passing through a deck, such as is used for ladders or ventilation.

Tumble Home--The inboard slant of a ship's side above the bilge.

U

Uptake--The connection between the boilers and the smokestack.

V

Vertical Keel--A row of vertical plates extending along the center of the first plate keel. It is sometimes called the center keelson.

Voice Tube--A large speaking tube.

W

Water Line--Any one of certain lines of a ship parallel with (and at various heights above) the base line. In half-breadth plans the water lines are smooth curves

Watertight--So riveted, calked, or welded as to prevent the passage of water.

Waterway--A narrow passage along the edge of a deck for drainage. A gutter.

Ways--Timbers on which a ship is built and from which it is launched into the water. (See Launching.)

Weather Deck--A deck exposed to the weather.

Web--A thin, stiffening member of some steel shapes, such as the connecting plate between the two legs of a channel or the connecting web of an I-beam.

Web Frame--A frame with a deep web.

Welding--Fusing together two or more members with an electric arc or by other means.

Well--A cofferdam or a sump in the double bottom.

Wheel--A nickname for the propeller; steering gear control.

Winch--A small hoisting engine used in pulling lines or handling cargo.

Windlass--A machine used to hoist the anchors by winding in the anchor chain.

Wind Scoop--A device used to divert air into a compartment of the ship.

Z

Zee-Bar--A structural shape with a cross section resembling the letter Z.

Zigzag Riveting--Two or more rows of rivets spaced so that the rivets of the row are offset from these in the next row.

F - Pitch Diameter at Small End of Thread

G - Root Diameter at Small End of Thread